英國文學材料教桉(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 the country. But it became something different from the old AngloSaxon. 2. The Rising of 1381 ? English peasants lived a misery life. A disease called Black Death swept over the country (1348—49), and 1/3 of the population perished of the terrible plague. ? Hundred years war between England and France (1337—1453)。 peasant heavily taxed。 ? Rising of 1381 led by Wat Tyler and John Ball. 3. The Founding of the Tudor Dynasty (都鐸王朝 ) ① Civil War: the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of Lancaster and the House of York。 ② The King of England assumed great power than before. Henry VII (1485—1509), taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor Dynasty. (1485—1603). II. Literature 1. Introduction ? The literature which the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of AngloSaxon poetry. (English literature is a bination of French and Saxon elements.) ? The Subject Matters in this Period: 6. Romance and Ballads ① Chivalry: the spirit of knights Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (hero Arthur) ② Ballads A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are mainly the literature of the peasants and reflex the outlook of the English mon people in feudal society. Robin Hood Ballads: royal plex 7. Geoffrey Chaucer (?1340—1400) a) Life ? Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born, about 1340, in London. (Son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.) ? He served as page to Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster. ? He went to France in 1359 on one of the campaigns of the Hundred Years‘ War, and was taken prisoner. On his return, he married Philippa, a maid of honor to the queen and relative of John Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster. ? Several times he was sent to the Continent on diplomatic missions, two of which took him to Italy. (King Edward III) ? In 1373 , he received the post of a Comptroller of Customs in the port of London. ? He was . for Kent in 1386. ? He died on the 25th of October 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the ―Poets? Corner.‖ ? Works He was a great humanist and realist. (―inparable observer of human nature and teller of tales.‖) His works include: 1) works translated from French。 2) works adopted from the Italian。 3) purely English works Some people say that Geoffrey Chaucer is a mixture of old and new. He adopted an attitude of opposition against Catholicism and attacked the corruption of the contemporary church government in his poetry. ? The House of Fame (《聲譽之堂》 ) ? Troilus and Criseyde (《特羅勒斯與克麗西德》 )—romance ? The Canterbury Tales (1387—1400) （《坎特伯雷故事集》） 1） Significance: ① faithful reflection of the life of mon people in English Feudal society. ② from the point of view of rising Bourgeois。 ③ humanism (. emphasis of men and opposite to Christianity) 2） Artistic feature: He introduces from French the rhymed stanza of various types, esp. the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the ―hero couplet‖) ? Foot and Meters ? In English poetry, the norm of unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable is called Foot. It has four kinds: ① iamb ② trochee ③ anapaest ④ dactyl III. Homework ? Recall what we have learned today。 ? Read Selected Readings of General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales。 ? Preview the Elizabethan Age. Unit 4 The Elizabethan Age (1485—1625) ? Key Words: Elizabethan Age。 Renaissance。 Humanism。 Thomas More。 William Shakespeare。 Francis Bacon。 Drama。 Son。 Essay (English Prose) ? Target: This unit introduces the literary history of English Tudor Dynasty, which is also called Elizabethan Age. It is an age of Renaissance and the literature is very prosperous. Hence the students are required to know several great figures of this period, like Shakespeare, Bacon, etc, and to appreciate their works. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 2. Cultural Background。 3. Thomas More and his Utopia。 4. William Shakespeare and his works。 5. Francis Bacon and his works 6. Appreciation. ? Time Span: 3 weeks 1. Historical Background 1. The Tudor Dynasty (都鐸王朝 ) ① After the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485), the feudalism was weakened. Henry VII (1485—1509), taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor Dynasty. (1485—1603). ② Break with Roman : During the reign of Henry VIII (1509—1547), he declared the break from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and he himself to be the Supreme Head of the Anglican Church. After that, Protestantism had been gaining ground. 2. Queen Elizabeth (1558—1603) ① In 1588, a war with Spain broke out and ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet ―Armada‖ (invincible). It is a victory of England and the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. It leads to the colonization abroad and the prosperity of culture. The colonial expansion also helped to accumulate capital for the development of capitalism. ② Towards the end of the reign of and the ascension of James I, the conflicts between the king and the rising bourgeoisie intensified. 3. Printing and the Enclosure Movement The introduction of printing to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical works within reach of the mon multitude. The broke from the Pope led to the creation of the new aristocracy and enclosure of mon land to be used for pasturage (wool for export? ―ship devoured men‖) led to the centralization of power. 2. Cultural Background Renaissance Renaissance: rebirth of learning, the name monly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages。 it is usually said to have begun in Italy in the late fourteenth century and to have spread to western European