20xx年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ime to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home， other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place， not the sort of place in itself， that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say， ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters， she added， “is a bination of what people bring in with them， and what they find there.”　　[I] Such findings， which run counter to mon sense， have surfaced before. In a multistate study of assisted living， for instance， University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type， size or age； whether a chain owned it； how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness， mental decline， hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.　　[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk， announcing that the fivestar rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families pare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact， consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the onestar facilities， the lowest rated， than with the fivestar ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）　　[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane， a geriatrician（老年病學(xué)專(zhuān)家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way， that could be liberating for families.”　　[L] Of course， sons and daughters want to visit the facilities， talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional submittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas， too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant， inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived， though the visit had been planned； nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room， they sat alone at a table.　　[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there， and so she decided to move her into a more weling facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research， that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.　　36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.　　 it helps for children to investigate care facilities， involving their parents in the decisionmaking process may prove very important.　　 is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.　　 a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.　　 author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.　　 system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.　　 first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.　　 kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.　　 findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multistate study of assisted living.　　 resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.　　Section C　　Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.　　Passage one　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.　　As Artificial Intelligence（AI） bees increasingly sophisticated， there are growing concerns that robots could bee a threat. This danger can be avoided， according to puter science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.　　Russell argues that as robots take on more plicated tasks， it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.　　For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.　　Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a fortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences， but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space， you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly broughtup person would do.　　It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines， if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.　　Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.　　The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient test