管理學原理題庫(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 icsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a. Taylor Studies.b. Porter Studies.c. Parker Studies.d. Hawthorne Studies. (moderate)What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies? a. Adams b. Mayo (easy) c. Lawler d. Barnard e. FollettOne oute of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a. Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior. (moderate)b. Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c. Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d. Security is relatively unimportant.e. While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is most important.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteenminute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers39。 meeting. Her pany had recently begun a reengineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with Mr. Peebodi as her guide, she was traveling in the Management Way Back Machine that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith39。s home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain from a. time management. b. division of labor. (moderate) c. group work. d. quality management. e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must be a. Adam Smith. b. Frank Gilbreth. c. Henry Gantt. d. Frederick Taylor. (easy) e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates of a. scientific management. (moderate) b. organizational behavior. c. human resource management. d. motivation. e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study handandbody motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a therblig. a. Henry Gantt b. Max Weber c. Chester Barnard d. Frank Gilbreth (moderate) e. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was continually appalled by workers’ inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about onethird of what was possible. Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict. Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa. Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old ruleofthumb method.b. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.d. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes over all work for which it is better fitted than the workers. (difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing the bricklayer’s job, he reduced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study handandbody motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements. (moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next list and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production, distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity mon to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in all organizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa. Division of work. – specializati