中西方婦女地位對(duì)比研究(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ve to obey those customs or they will be looked down. In western countries some law and Bible affected women’s status. In Roman Law a woman was even in historic times pletely dependent. If married she and her property passed into the power of her husband. The wife was the purchased property of her husband, and like a slave acquired only for his benefit. A woman could not exercise any civil or public office could not be a witness, surety, tutor, or curator。 she could not adopt or be adopted, or make will or contract. Among the Scandinavian races women were: under perpetual tutelage, whether married or unmarried. As late as the Code of Christian V, at the end of the 17th Century, it was enacted that if a woman married without the consent of her tutor he might have, if he wished, administration and usufruct of her goods during her life. According to the English Common Law, “all real property which a wife held at the time of a marriage became a possession of her husband.” 3 He was entitled to the rent from the land and to any profit which might be made from operating the estate during the joint life of the spouses. As time passed, the English courts devised means to forbid a husband’s transferring real property without the consent of his wife, but he still retained the right to manage it and to receive the money which it produced. As to a wife’s p ersonal property, the husband’s power was plete. He had the right to spend it as he saw fit. III. The Women’s Status in Society A. The Similarities of Women’s Status in China and West Countries 1. Women in Education The social status of women is lower than man. Now much more women have their job than before. But their salary is much less than man. Now a lot of girls can go to school. In China if a family has three children, the family can’t offer them all. Then they will let the girls stay home or go to work. In some poor places the parents throw them away. Their parents love their son than their daughter. In generally speaking the status of women is not better than men. If a girl can go to university, studying hard and getting good mark. She has more chance to get a good job. Then her status is getting well. In ancient China people considered women were excellent only when they had no knowledge. Even in modern society in some poor countries girls have no chance to go to school. An analysis of Chinese women statistics showed that more than 15yearold illiterate people are 150 million。 illiterate women accounted for 75 percent。 100 women workers, cadres and professional and technical personnel only 7 people. Through the research data in 2021, in accordance with internationally accepted standards, among 1000 Chinese citizens, there are 14 people within the basic scientific literacy, including 17 male citizens, while only female citizens meet the required standards. In Western Countries women also didn’t have the equal rights to get the opportunities to go to school. Several indicators— including measures of literacy, enrollment, and years in school— reveal important patterns and trends in women’s education in Western Countries. Each of these indicators leads to the same conclusions: the level of female education is low in the poorest countries, with just a handful of exceptions, and by any measure, the gender gap is largest in these countries. The women’s primary school enrollment is lower than men’s. Witho ut question, enrollment rates at all school levels have been rising in the developing world for both sexes. But this expansion has not substantially diminished gender disparities. The enrollment rates of girls remain much lower than those of boys, with the widest gap in the poorest countries. Therefore women didn’t have the equal rights to gain education in some countries even in the modern times. 2. Women in Profession Women in vocation have a lower status both in China and Western Countries. For example, their rate of employment is lower than man’s. The sex prejudice in career is serious. And some women worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers, and singers. By the early 19th century, however, acceptable occupations for working women were limited to factory labor or domestic work. Women were excluded from the professions, except for writing and teaching. According to statistics of female college students employment in Heilongjiang Province, among 2021 graduates there are 11402 boys and 9896 girls. Rate of mal employment is % while female is %. The rate of mal employment is % higher than female. In junior college there are 6714 male students whose employment rate is 53%. However 7231 female students has only % employment rate. In total the rate of male students is 9 percent higher than female students. 5 A survey report from Xiamen University showed that the quality of employment of female university students is not as good as the boys. When signing the employment units the rate of female employee whose wages is below 3,000 yuan is up to percent, percent higher than boys. America is the greatest developing country among the Western Countries. However women in profession also don’t have equal rights with man in America. From the date in 2021 in America, the representation of women in the profession is %1 of all lawyers in the United States. There is a table showing 1910— 1982 the percentage of women in some vocational in America. 1910— 1982 the percentage of women in some vocational (%)6 vocation 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1982 Lower 1 14 Doctor 6 5 4 Nurse 93 96 98 98 97 97 97 95 Social worker 52 62 68 67 66 57 62 66 library material worker 79 88 91 89 89 85 62 83 From all these examples, we can say that even in the 21st century women do not enjoy equal