工程管理專業外文文獻及翻譯-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 ly. This current section observes two actual projects and pares the actual practice with the conceptual view respectively.The main issues, which are observed in the case studies, are:l the selected procurement method and the roles of the involved parties within this method。l the implementation of the lifecycle design approach。l the type, structure, and functionalities of BIM used in the project。l the openness in data sharing and transfer of the model, and the intended use of BIM in the future。 andl the roles and tasks of the model manager.The pilot experience of hospital building projects using BIM in the Netherlands can be observed at University Medical Centre St Radboud (further referred as UMC) and Maxima Medical Centre (further referred as MMC). At UMC, the new building project for the Faculty of Dentistry in the city of Nijmegen has been dedicated as a BIM pilot project. At MMC, BIM is used in designing new buildings for Medical Simulation and MotherandChild Centre in the city of Veldhoven.The first case is a project at the University Medical Centre (UMC) St Radboud. UMC is more than just a hospital. UMC bines medical services, education and research. More than 8500 staff and 3000 students work at UMC. As a part of the innovative real estate strategy, UMC has considered to use BIM for its building projects. The new development of the Faculty of Dentistry and the surrounding buildings on the Kapittelweg in Nijmegen has been chosen as a pilot project to gather practical knowledge and experience on collaborative processes with BIM support.The main ambition to be achieved through the use of BIM in the building projects at UMC can be summarised as follows:l using 3D visualisation to enhance the coordination and munication among the building actors, and the user participation in design。l facilitating optimal information accessibility and exchange for a highl consistency of the drawings and documents across disciplines and phases。l integrating the architectural design with structural analysis, energy analysis, cost estimation, and planning。l interactively evaluating the design solutions against the programme of requirements and specifications。l reducing redesign/remake costs through clash detection during the design process。 andl optimising the management of the facility through the registration of medical installations and equipments, fixed and flexible furniture, product and output specifications, and operational data.The second case is a project at the Maxima Medical Centre (MMC). MMC is a large hospital resulted from a merger between the Diaconessenhuis in Eindhoven and St Joseph Hospital in Veldhoven. Annually the 3,400 staff of MMC provides medical services to more than 450,000 visitors and patients. A largescaled extension project of the hospital in Veldhoven is a part of its real estate strategy. A medical simulation centre and a womenandchildren medical centre are among the most important new facilities within this extension project. The design has been developed using 3D modelling with several functionalities of BIM.The findings from both cases and the analysis are as follows. Both UMC and MMC opted for a traditional procurement method in which the client directly contracted an architect, a structural engineer, and a mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) consultant in the design team. Once the design and detailed specifications are finished, a tender procedure will follow to select a contractor. Despite the choice for this traditional method, many attempts have been made for a closer and more effective multidisciplinary collaboration. UMC dedicated a relatively long preparation phase with the architect, structural engineer and MEP consultant before the design menced. This preparation phase was aimed at creating a mon vision on the optimal way for collaboration using BIM as an ICT support. Some results of this preparation phase are: a document that defines the mon ambition for the project and the collaborative working process and a semiformal agreement that states the mitment of the building actors for collaboration. Other than UMC, MMC selected an architecture firm with an inhouse engineering department. Thus, the collaboration between the architect and structural engineer can take place within the same firm using the same software application.Regarding the lifecycle design approach, the main attention is given on lifecycle costs, maintenance needs, and facility management. Using BIM, both hospitals intend to get a much better insight in these aspects over the lifecycle period. The lifecycle sustainability criteria are included in the assignments for the design teams. Multidisciplinary designers and engineers are asked to collaborate more closely and to interact with the endusers to address lifecycle requirements. However, ensuring the building actors to engage in an integrated collaboration to generate sustainable design solutions that meet the lifecycle performance expectations is still difficult. These actors are contracted through a traditional procurement method. Their tasks are specific, their involvement is rather shortterm in a certain project phase, their responsibilities and liabilities are limited, and there is no tangible incentive for integrated collaboration.From the current progress of both projects, it can be observed that the type and structure of BIM relies heavily on the choice for BIM software applications. Revit Architecture and Revit Structure by Autodesk are selected based on the argument that it has been widely used internationally and it is patible with AutoCAD, a widely known product of the same software manufacturer. The patibility with AutoCAD is a key consideration at MMC since the drawings of the existing buildings were created with this application. These 2D drawings were then used as the basis to generate a 3D model with the BIM software application. The architectural model generated with