多目標粒子群優化算法在配置城市土地使用上應用-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 i (2004), and Hotman (2005). Table 2 shows the weights calculated using this method.The patibility (denoted as Compij) of two parcels i and j with landuse types Ci and Cj, at a distance dij to each other is defined by: 因為給定的算法使用數值來解決這個問題，在分析層次分析法（AHP）和結構化的成對比較法（謝里菲等人。2006）被用作從以前的過程中提到的定性評估所產生的相容性水平的定量框架。 AHP是一個廣泛應用的多準則評價方法（鮑文1993）。AHP方法詳細解釋在很多資料中提供參考，例如金等。（1989）和Saaty和巴爾加斯（2000），（2004），Bhushan和RAI和Hotman（2005）。表2顯示的是使用這種方法計算重量。兩個地塊的的兼容性（記為Compij）i和j與土地利用類型ci 和cj，一個彼此間的距離dij被定義為：where Compcicj is the patibility of two landuse types Ci and Cj in the patibility matrix.More specifically, the patibility function can be defined by: in which, the function defines the effect of distance and is calculated by Equation (9). For simplicity, in this study, we assume β=1. The general shape of this function is shown in Figure 2.在pcicj是兩種土地利用類型的Ci和Cj的相容性矩陣。更具體地說，兼容性函數可以定義：其中，函數 定義了距離的影響，并被等式（9）計算。為簡單起見，在本研究中，我們假設β= 1。這種形狀一般函數示于圖2。Figure 2. Effect of the distance on the patibility objective function. shows the minimumdistance between two land uses and which two landuse types has the maximum effect on each other in this distance (as shown in y axis it is consider 1 in this research) and the shows the maximum radius of effect between two land uses. β shows the distance effect on patibility.圖2。目標函數兼容性的距離效果。表示最小的距離在兩個土地利用，倆類土地利用類型間有最大影響。在該距離（如Y軸是考慮在本研究中1）和顯示兩種土地利用最大影響半徑 β顯示了兼容性的距離影響。In Figure 3, the maximum and the minimum distances of the effects are schematically shown.It should be noted that, when the objective is to maximize the total patibility of a land with all its neighbours, then low patibilities with some neighbours can simply be pensated by high patibilities with some other neighbours. To overe this problem, the objective function can be altered to maximize the minimum amount of patibility as well. Following this objective, each land would have an adequate level of patibility with all its neighbours. Thus, the first objective function may be defined by:在圖3中，是最大距離和最小距離的影響示意圖。應當指出的是，當目標想要最大化所有鄰域土地的總兼容性，那么就降低一些可以簡單被其他一些高兼容性鄰域進行補償的兼容性。為了克服這個問題，目標函數可以改變去最大化最小數量的兼容性。按照這個目標，每一塊土地與所有鄰域都有足夠水平的兼容性。因此，第一個目標函數可以被定義的： where i indicates the parcel under consideration, j represents its neighbours, ni is the number of neighbours for each parcel i, and n is the number of all parcels. The second part of Equation (10) is to maximize the minimum patibility of the arrangement. Not having this part in the equation, the effect of a lowpatible neighbouring parcel might be pensated by a highpatible neighbouring parcel. Similar to this objective function, a similar term is added to dependency and suitability objective functions.其中i表示所考慮的地塊，j代表其鄰域， ni 是每一個地塊i的鄰域數量，n是所有的地塊的數量。方程（10）的第二部分是最大化布置的最小相容性。方程中沒有這部分，低兼容性相鄰地塊的效果可能會被高兼容周邊地補償。類似于此的目標函數，一個類似的術語被添加到依賴和適宜的目標函數。Figure 3. Between the two radiuses the effect of patibility and dependency objective functionsreducing from 1 to 0 as a function of distance.圖3。兩個半徑之間的兼容性和依賴目標函數的影響從1減少到0的距離的函數。. Dependency objective functionUsually, a landuse type needs some other landuse types in its vicinity in order to serve people properly. The amount of satisfaction regarding such dependencies between land use types is a criterion for the acceptability of landuse arrangements. For the dependency criterion, such as patibility, a matrix is generated using Delphi method.Similar to patibility function, the dependency function is defined based on distance:。依賴目標函數通常情況下，土地利用類型想要更好的服務人類，它需要以其周邊的一些其他土地利用類型。有關土地使用類型間依賴關系的滿意度是土地利用安排的可接受性的一個標準。對于依賴標準，如兼容性，采用德爾菲法生成矩陣。類似于兼容性功能，依賴函數是基于距離被定義為： where iis the calculated dependency for parcels i and j, is the dependencyof two landuse types Ci and Cj extracted from the dependency matrix, and is thedistance function of the dependency (similar to the patibility function). Finally, the dependency objective function is defined by:其中Depij是計算了的地塊i和地塊 j的依賴性，是從相關矩陣中提取的土地利用類型的Ci和Cj的依賴性，是距離函數的依賴性（類似的相容性函數）。最后，該依賴目標函數定義為： where i indicates the parcel under consideration, j represents its neighbours, and ni is thenumber of neighbours for each parcel i.其中i代表所考慮的地塊，j代表其鄰域，ni為每個地塊 i的鄰域數量。. Suitability objective functionThe utility of a location can be interpreted as the suitability for a certain use (Steiner 2008).The suitability can be explained by a range of different factors and it is program dependent (Koomen and Stillwell 2007, Lagore 2008). In this research, the general suitability of each parcel for any of the land uses was calculated using the weights given to the factors. The weights of factors for different land uses were determined by urban planners. Considered factors are area (A), accessibility (Ac), number of edges of every parcel (Ed),slope (S), ownership type (P), sound pollution (Sp), air pollution (Ap), resistance to change(R), and difference between edge sizes (De). The general suitability of parcel j for landuse type Ci can be defined by: 適宜的目標函數一個位置可解釋為一個特定的使用的適宜性（Steiner2008）。適宜性可以通過一系列不同的因素來解釋，它是程序依賴（庫門和史迪威2007，lagore 2008）。在這項研究中，使用給定的權重計算土地的用途的任一方面的一般的適宜性。城市規劃者確定了不同土地利用指標權重。考慮的因素是面積（A），可達性（AC），每個地塊的邊數（ED），斜率（S），所有制類型（P），噪音污染（SP），空氣污染（AP），電阻的變化（R）之間的差異和邊緣尺寸（De）。宗地土地使用類型是ci的地塊j的一般適用性可以定義：where w1 to w9 are the weights given to the factors. The weights are defined such that其中w1至W9是考慮到的因素的權重。權重被定義為 The units and concepts of parameters are different. Therefore, they are transferred into parable scales using AHP method and are normalized in the range [0, 1]. The suitability objective function is defined by:參數的單位和概念是不同的。因此，它們被用層次分析法轉為可比的尺度，范圍被標準化在[0，1]。適合的目標函數定義為：where n is the number of parcels and is the suitability of parcel i for landuse type Ci.其中n是地塊的數量和是土地使用類型為Ci 的地塊i的適用性。Figure 4. Semicode for describing the counter for defining the pactness objective function.半碼用于描述限定緊湊的目標函數的計數器。. Compactness objective functionSome land uses such as residential are preferred