工業工程技術培訓講義-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 e of hydraulic, pneumatic or magnetic methods for placing and/or fastening tools.＊ The elimination of centering and adjustment activities by standardisation of: dimension of moulds. machine strokes. male and female jigs. centering and fastening methods.＊ Improve measuring and gauging methods.＊ Elimination of trial runs.（十）I E 改善心法Ways of Improving the Work Through Motion Study EASIER WAY approachEliminate unnecessary motionsAvoid moves requiring eye directionShorten motion distanceImprove get motions by prepositioningEmploy simple fixtures, clamps, and guidesReplace hand operations with footoperated devicesWhy ? Question each operationAdapt twohand methodYes, there is always room for improvementHey ! You areworking too hard !（三）改善之要訣：ECRS、6W?刪除（Elimination）：刪除不必要的作業或動作?合并（Combination）：將數個作業或動作合并，省略轉交或取放。?重排（Rearrangement）：將數個作業或動作重新安排，使作業或動作能平衡順暢。?簡化（Simplification）：將數個作業或動作加以改善，使其簡化。ECRS Approaches基本「發問」（Primary Questions）目的是什么 ?(What is the purpose ?)何地完成 ?(Where is it done ?)何時完成 ?(When is it done ?)由何人做 ?(Who does it ?)如何完成 ?(How is it done ?)進一步「發問」（Secondary Questions）為何必須做 ?(Why is it necessary ?)為何在那里完成 ?(Why is it done there ?)為何在那時完成 ?(Why is it done then ?)為何由此人做 ?(Why does this person do it ?)為何要如此做 ?(Why is it done this way ?)可否刪除 ?(Can it be eliminated ?)可否合并 ?(Can it be bined ?)可否重排 ?(Can it be rearranged ?)可否簡化 ?(Can it be simplified ?)合并或重排下列項目：w 地點(Places)w 次序(Sequences)w 人員(Persons) 工業工程技術培訓參考資料Story of the Bedaux SystemI. Story of the Bedaux SystemIn 1911, Mr. Charles E. Bedaux experimented with the idea of measuring all human physical work in terms of a mon unit.The unit known as the Bedaux Unit of human power measurement or “B” was to consists of a bination of work and rest.The proportions between these two items were dependent upon the physical nature of the work and the subsequent rest required to pensate for it. As tasks varied, the ratio of the work to rest within the unit was to vary, but the unit itself was to remain constant at a time value of on minute.II. The Bedaux System or “E” System(Unit System)The “Unit E” is the quantity of work an experienced, skilled worker can do per minute under normal conditions, taking into account the inherent allowance for rest, personal needs.III. The “M” System(Unit System)The Unit (M) is the amount of work that can be carried out in one minute by a trained worker, under normal circumstance, and at normal speed, including allowances for interruptions as rest and personal care.The Unit (M) does not represent time in the sense of a clock time, but it is rather a measure of “work quantity” or “labor content”.IV. ExpressionWork Quantity or Labor Content = Work + Rest (Bedaux definition) or = Work + Total Allowance (Philips definition)Example: Labor Content 1M TAFtotal allowance factor: Labor Content Work (Normal Time) TAF1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (14 %)1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (18 %)1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (20 %)VIII. Performance RatingPerformance rating is expressing numerically the speed and effectiveness with which an operation is done, in relation to what has been defined as normal performance.Tempo means the intensity of working.In Bedaux timestudy system: Speed of the movementsTempo Skill of the movements (. proficiency, useful effect, dexterity, efficiency).IX. Normal PerformanceNormal performance is the performance of an average skilled worker doing a job under normal conditions without being stimulated by an incentive scheme.It must be possible to keep this performance from day to day without excessive physical or mental strain.As a reference for normal performance can be taken, a steady deliberate and unhurried average performance of a person, who walks around Km(3 miles) per hour or deals 52 playingcards in 30 seconds.X. Remarks Unit (English) Einheit (German) Eenheid (Dutch) 單位 (Chinese) E system : for Performance or Tempo (60 E, 75 E, 80 E) M system : for Labor Content or Work Quantity (5 M’s, M’s)Effects of Working Conditions on determining AllowanceAllowanceValueConstant allowanceC1Personal allowance5 %C2Basic fatigue allowance4 % Variable allowanceV1Standing allowance1 %V2Abnormal position allowanceSlightly awkward0Awkward (Bending)2 %Very awkward (Lying, Stretching)7 %V3Use of force or muscular energy(Lifting, pulling, or pushing)Weight lifted:5 Pounds ( Kg)010 Pounds ( Kg)1 %15 Pounds ( Kg)2 %20 Pounds ( Kg)3 %25 Pounds ( Kg)4 %30 Pounds ( Kg)5 %35 Pounds ( Kg)7 %40 Pounds ( Kg)9 %45 Pounds ( Kg)11 %50 Pounds ( Kg)13 %60 Pounds ( Kg)17 %70 Pounds ( Kg)22 %V4Bad light Slightly below remended0Well below2 %Quite inadequate5 %V5Atmospheric conditions(Heat and Humidity)0~10 %V6Close attention Fairly fine work0Fine or exacting2 %Very fine or very exacting5 %V7Noise level Continuous0Intermittent – loud2 %Intermittent – very loud5 %High – pitched – loud5 %V8Mental strain Fairly plex process1 %Complex or wide span of attention4 %Very plex8 %V9Monotony Low0Median1 %High4 %V10Tediousness Rather tedious0Tedious2 %Very tedious5 %（Courtesy of International Labor Office, Geneva Switzerland）PHILIPS動作分析表 頁次： /作業名稱：產品型號：作業區域：分析人：分析日期：LHRHLHRHLHRHLHRH5050505010101