美國歷史英文版-資料下載頁

　　

【正文】 he gold standard in favor of the credit system by banning private ownership of gold and printing massive amounts of currency. 2. He reduced the salary of government employees and pension of veterans by up to 15% to reduce government spending. 3. He ordered the destruction and suspension of agricultural production to reduce surplus. 4. He created a large number of government anizations to create and secure new jobs. FDR’s Second New Deal ? In 19351936, a second group of policies further changed American economics. These proved more controversial, as they were clearly designed to redistribute wealth. ? Programs included everything from Social Security to price control, corporation breakups, and heavy taxes on business owners. ? In 1937, another decline hit the economy, monly blamed on the strengthened unions and deterring effect of the New Deal on business investment. ? New plans were developed as WWII began. Results of the New Deal ? Whether or not the New Deal benefited the economy, it was World War II that ended the Great Depression, with the sudden increase in government spending and the need for as many workers as possible—productivity doubled, and unemployment suddenly dropped back down to 2% over the course of the war. ? Either way, the New Deal gave the president considerably more power to control the economy than before, despite the checks of the Congress and Supreme Court. World War II (19391945) ? The deadliest conflict in human history, with 5070,000,000 casualties, began in 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland. ? This would be a total war, and involve more people and countries than any other in history, with massive civilian losses. ? Britain and France promptly declared war on Germany as the latter began building a European empire. The USSR, Japan, and Italy at the time were allies or technically neutral. World War II (19391945) ? In 1941 Germany attacked the USSR and Japan attacked the United States, forcing both of them to join Britain and France. ? In 1942, the United States stopped the Japanese advance, and the other Allies the German advance, turning the tide. ? In 1944, Italy and France were taken by the Allies. ? In 1945, Germany was captured and Japan bombed. Both surrendered, ending the war. The Pacific Theatre ? As many as 510% of Guam’s 20,000 people were killed during the Japanese occupation of Guam. ? China did not join the Allies until 1941, figuring that they would be the easy victors in the conflict. Unfortunately, the war continued, and China’s relative isolation hindered both the Allies’ support and Chinese involvement on either front。 however, they did consume a large amount of Japan’s military resources. The Four Policemen ? The Big Three (the US, USSR, and British Commonwealth) and China (until the Civil War resumed in 1946) were considered the guardians of world peace after World War II. ? The United States and Europe created a sphere of influence including Japan and Western Europe, and the USSR of Eastern Europe (Germany was halved), and the cultural petition that would bee the Cold War began. ? The United Nations was created to replace the League of Nations, which had obviously failed