外文翻譯---土耳其農村城鎮化進程中的環境問題(已改無錯字)

　　

【正文】 ieving consistency and integration is impossible. Therefore, a prehensive plan should be generated to integrate the efforts of the different munities. It is particularly noteworthy that despite the expansion of urban areas in the study area, natural areas have not diminished greatly. Some small developments along the southern part of the study area have expanded at the expense of the natural landscape, but increases in agricultural land use have had a larger impact on natural areas. The establishment of protected natural spaces is necessary to prevent this form of development from encroaching on these areas, and connection of the natural systems in the north and south with a wider ecological work, including the urban open spaces and agricultural patches, will bee increasingly necessary. The petition among these different demands being placed on the landscape requires the development of prehensive plans that include measures to contain urbanization and protect agricultural and natural landscapes. 4. Conclusions This study examined the land use dynamics acpanying urbanization in the City of Aydin between 1986 and 2022. A landscape ecology approach provided a holistic description of the landscapescale relationships involved in these changes. The institutional environment has shaped the land use patterns in Turkish landscapes, with current government policies leading to unsustainable urban growth in the City of Aydin. Industrialization is playing a significant role in the development of the study area by altering the social and economic structures and changing the spatial patterns. Industrial areas are experiencing the greatest change, followed by mining sites. The significant increases in these important economic activities calls for largerscale development 山東理工大學本科畢業論文 7 plans that will balance economic and environmental goals. The expansion of urban development is equally noteworthy, because urban areas are growing mostly at the expense of agricultural land. Even though the magnitude of the loss of agricultural land is less than in other areas of Turkey, monitoring of the change would help planners to mitigate the consequences of unsustainable urbanization. Due to their location, urbanized areas are not currently producing strong pressure on natural habitats。 however, a considerable amount of natural land has been converted into agricultural and mining sites. Compared to other areas of Turkey, though, the overall land use transformation is not striking because of the relatively recent history of urbanization and industrialization. Nevertheless, the negative consequences of these changes may accelerate in the future if a strategy to control development and conversion of land use is not developed and implemented. Therefore, ecologically and economically sound development should bee a primary part of the local agenda to mitigate the negative consequences of the urbanization process at the landscape scale. Traditional management strategies should be shifted towards the inclusion of the larger landscape context to improve the collaboration among different municipalities during the development of prehensive plans. Decisions should account for the landscape’s spatial and temporal attributes, but should also address all major institutional, environmental, and human issues present in the landscape. As in most countries, the implementation of environmental policy poses many challenges, and it will be difficult to generate management scenarios that satisfy all stakeholders simultaneously. However, environmental management is a matter of good governance, and developing countries such as Turkey can overe some of their limitations by improving their institutional environments so as to balance economic development with sustainable use of the resources. The results of this study will help to better address the process of urbanization with environmental issues in Turkey. 山東理工大學本科畢業論文 8 土耳其農村城鎮化進程中的環境問題 摘要 本文主要突出了政府在城鎮化進程中發揮的重要作用，通過制度、立法等一系列的政策，有效緩解甚至解決了在城鎮化進程中產生的環境污染等問題。文中還通過用景觀生態學來分析土耳其的一個城市艾登，希望通過景觀生態學來進一步完善城鎮化進程中的環境保護。另外，提 高群眾的環保意識，讓公眾參與到保護及監督環境中來，真正實現城鎮化進程中經濟與環境的協調發展。 關鍵詞 :城鎮化 政府 環境保護 公眾意識 山東理工大學本科畢業論文 9 引言 城鎮化促使 文化和社會的 變革，它 改變 了從 農村到城市的環境和 人們的生活方式。城鎮 化進程逐步深入地改變空間格局和景觀基質的生態功能。 城鎮 化景觀是高度動態的 、 復雜的 、 多功能 的 。 因此 制度環境塑造模式的發展是至關重要的。這個 制度 環境包括正式規則（例如產權 、法律、 國際條約）和非正式約束 （例 如行為規范 、 公約 、 自我強加的行為準則）。 本論文中描述 的案例研究，調查在土耳其西部的艾登市區土地利用 問題 。 城鎮 化直逼高度肥沃的農田和周圍的自然區域， 城鎮 的社會結構正在改變，因為越來越多的人 從 土耳其東部和 城鎮 周圍的農村地區 中遷移出來 。了解這些動態將 有助于 制定政策和計劃，以保障和促進農村景觀生態健全 的 規劃 建立 ， 使區域規劃更合理 。本研究主要 強調了政府在城鎮化過程中處理環境問題的作用，還運用 景觀生態學 知識，采用 動態分析