國際貨物運輸internationalcargotra(編輯修改稿)

　

【文章內容簡介】 weather ? Disadvantages ? Confined to railroad ? Less flexible 24 ? International Railway Through Transport under one rail consignment note shipper or consignee not involved when goods are transiting the countries Siberia Transcontinental Railway Eurasia Transcontinental Railway Railway transport to Hong Kong and Macao ? Domestic Rail Transport 25 Road Transport ? Advantages ? Versatile ? Flexible in operation ? High distributive ability ? Disadvantages ? Low capacity ? High operating cost ? High risk of pilferage and damage ? Complication 26 Containerization Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitized form, suitable for ocean, rail and multimodal transport. It is the most modern form of physical international distribution and overall is highly efficient in terms of reliability, cost, quality of service, advanced technology and so on. 27 Features of containerization: ? Advantages ? Increase the efficiency of handling ? Improve the transportation quality ? Save operating costs ? Simplify delivery formalities ? Promote multimodal transportation 28 Containers and Container Transport The majority of containers are built to the ISO specification. The 20foot and 40foot containers are most popular. (8’ X 8’ X 40’ and 8’ X 8’ X 20’). The container capacity is measured in TEUs (Twentyfeet Equivalence Units). Containers of other sizes and capacities are also available but not widely used. Three major types of containers: 8’ X 8’ X 40’ (IA)。 ’ X 8’ X 40’(IAA)。 8’ X 8’ X 20’ (IC) 29 Container Transport Containerization offers: ? a door to door service under FCL/FCL（ 整裝整拆 ） , ? door to container freight station (CFS) service under FCL/LCL（ 整裝拼拆 ） ? CFS to CFS service under LCL/LCL（ 拼裝拼拆 ） ? CFS to door service under LCL/FCL （ 拼裝整拆 ） 30 Container Freight ? Based on container capacity/origin and destination of the merchandise ? Inland transportation cost is included ? Based on the type of modity ? For LCL, each modity is charged separately for the freight 31 International Multimodal Transport ? At least two modes of transport ? One contract, one transport document, one operator, one freight rate ? Use of containers ? Advantages ? High efficiency ? Good quality ? Cost and time saving ? Economy and simplicity of documentation 32 . General Considerations on Cargo Transport (1） Reliability (2） Speed and Frequency (3） Cost 33 Major Transport Documents ?Bill of lading ?Consignment note (for Rail and Road) ?Air waybill ?Combined transport documents (CTD) 34 Bill of Lading (B/L) 1. Definition and Function A bill of lading is a shipping document that serves as: 1) a receipt of the goods(貨物收據 ) 2) a document of title(物權憑證 ) 3) the evidence of the contract between the consignor and the carrier (運輸契約的證明 ) 35 Bill of lading (B/L) A bill of lading (B/L) is used for sea shipment and is a certificate of ownership of goods. It must be produced at the port of final destination by the importer in order to claim goods. As a document of title, the bill of lading is also a negotiable document and you may sell the goods by endorsing or handing it over to another authorized party, even while the goods are still at sea. Although negotiable bills of lading are in mon use, some countries do not allow them or make it difficult for them to be used. You have to be sure that a negotiable B/L is accepted in your country. Otherwise, a nonnegotiable B/L is issued. The B/L is a formal, signed receipt for a specified number of packs, which is given to the export agent by the shipping line when the shipping line receives the consignment. If the cargo is apparently in good order and properly packed when received by the shipping line, the bill of lading, is deemed as clean. The ship owner thus accepts full liability for the cargo described in the bill. ? See sample B/L 36 2. Types of B/L As per whether the goods are shipped on board: ? Shipped (on board) B/L已裝船提單 ? Received for shipment B/L備運提單 As per whether the B/L is clean or not: ? Clean B/L ? Unclean/Foul B/L Unclean B/L can not used for negotiation. Some remarks can not be regarded as “ unclean”. ?不明白地表示貨物或包裝不能令人滿意，如：“舊包裝”，“舊箱” ?強調承運人對于貨物或包裝性質引起的風險不負責任 ?否認承運人知悉貨物內容、質量、重量等 ?發貨人裝載并計數 37 提單抬頭 是否背書 能否轉讓 Straight B/L No endorsement The consignor can not consignee can if necessary. Blank B/L No endorsement Transferable Order B/L) order to order to order of shipper to order of consignee to order of banker By the consignor By the consignee By the bank Transferable after endorsement. 38 As per the name of the consignee ?Straight B/L記名提單 ?Blank B/L /Bearer B/L不記名提單 ?Order B/L指示提單 (widely used) Comparisons As per the modes of transport ? Direct B/L直達提單 ? Transshipment B/L轉船提單 ? Through B/L聯運提單 ? Liner B/L班輪提單 ? Container B/L ? Combined B/L As per the content of the B/L ? Long form B/L全式提單 ? Short form B/L簡式提單 As per the effect of B/L ? Original B/L)正本提單 ? Copy B/L副本提單 39 As per the issuing date of B/L ? On deck B/L甲板提單 When cargo is placed on the deck of a ship for delivery, an On Deck B/L is given to the exporter when the ship leaves port. ? Stale B/L過期提單 Bills presents to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due at the port of destination ? Antedated B/L倒簽提單 When the actual shipment date is later than that stipul